This brief summary of the papers and discussions presented at an interdisciplinary workshop sums up the views of eminent scholars on the state of political parties and rise of communalism in Punjab during the period of 1920-1947. The summary concludes that communalism in Punjab was a recent phenomenon which was encouraged by the ruling Britishers. While the political parties contributed to the national freedom struggle, the communalism practised by three major religious communities led to partition of India and Punjab. The summary evaluates the role of Muslim League and Shiromani Akali Dal. Some of its conclusions need a more critical analysis. Otherwise, it provides a diversity of approach to see the phenomenon of communalism. The author's grasp of difference perspectives is brilliant and his summing up reflects his skill and linguistic craftsmanship.[edit]
