This presidential address by an eminent historian and academician at the Indian History conference held in 1997 analyses the causes of India's partition in 1947 with special emphasis on its effects in the state of Punjab. While he apportions blame both on Muslim and Hindu Communalism for India's partition, he also holds the Indian National Congress unit in Punjab equally guilty for the tragic partition. He traces the roots of Hindu Communalism to the revivalist movement like Arya Samaj founded by Swami Dayanand and the dominance of Hindu communalist leaders over The Punjab Congress. The whole text of the address is analytical, objective and balanced and presents a holistic view about the major participants ' The Muslims, Hindus and The Congress Party[edit]
